Normalization is one of the key tenets in relational model design. One of the ways an ERD is enhanced during the logical design phase is through the process of normalization. Since most of the commercial DBMS are based on the relational model, the end product of this phase is relational model design. This phase may also enhance or refine the data model (ERD) of the previous phase to ensure efficient utilization of the database. The logical design phase transforms the conceptual data model into a format understandable to DBMS. The conceptual data modeling phase in general is independent of a DBMS. During this process, the top two phases are concerned with the information content of the database, while the last two phases are concerned with the implementation of the database on some commercial DBMS.ĭuring the conceptual data modeling phase, data requirements are expressed through an ERD. Since data has become a vital corporate resource (Adelman et al., 2005 Dyche, 2000 Liataud & Hammond, 2001), good data models can make a significant contribution to an organization’s future success.ĭata modeling is performed during the initial phases of the database development process (also referred as database life cycle) as shown in Figure 1(Mannino, 2006 Rob & Coronel, 2006).

It provides a means to analyze business requirements so as to standardize organizational vocabulary, enforce business rules, and ensure adequate data quality. Data modeling is an essential component of database design and development. 1.0 IntroductionĮntity relationship diagram (ERD) is one of the most widely used technique for data modeling. The paper concludes with a set of guidelines to refine an ERD to include normalization principles. Application of normalization during ERD development allows for more robust requirement analysis. This paper suggests inclusion of normalization during ERD development.

An ERD developed during the conceptual data modeling phase of the database development process is generally transformed and enhanced through normalization principles during the logical database design phase. Entity relationship diagram (ERD) is one of the most widely used technique for data modeling.

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